Abstract

The essential fatty acids (EFAs) make up around 20% of the dry weight of the brain and peripheral nerves. Moreover, unlike the situation in other tissues, almost all of the EFAS present in nerve tissue are 6-desaturated. The EFAs and their eicosanoid derivatives modulate nerve conduction, transmitter release, transmitter reuptake, and postsynaptic transmitter effects. Abnormalities of EFA metabolism in blood and other tissues have been noted in alcoholism, schizophrenia, depression, and hyperactivity. The pattern of abnormality in each condition seems different. Particularly in alcoholism, schizophrenia, and childhood depression and hyperactivity, attempts to modulate EFA levels have met with modest therapeutic success. Peripheral neuropathies are common in situations associated with abnormal EFA metabolism such as diabetes mellitus, hepatic cirrhosis, and alcoholism. Some of the neurological damage in these conditions may relate to abnormal EFA biochemistry.